Scientific Linux (SL) is a Linux distribution based on RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). There are other distributions derived from RHEL, the probably most prominent one is CentOS. I guess most of what is written here applies to any Linux distribution derived from RHEL.
loadkeys
on the console like this: loadkeys de-latin1-nodeadkeys
(the file loaded is /lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwertz/de-latin1-nodeadkeys.map.gz
)
find /lib/kbd/keymaps/ | sort | less
/etc/sysconfig/keyboard
(entry KEYTABLE
)
system-config-keyboard
, if X is available.